{"id":20068420,"date":"2024-01-19T16:17:08","date_gmt":"2024-01-19T15:17:08","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.dabangasudan.org\/?p=20068420"},"modified":"2024-02-06T09:46:04","modified_gmt":"2024-02-06T08:46:04","slug":"sudan-timeline-october-december-2023-war-deepens-sudans-suffering-fears","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.dabangasudan.org\/en\/all-news\/article\/sudan-timeline-october-december-2023-war-deepens-sudans-suffering-fears","title":{"rendered":"Sudan timeline October-December 2023: War deepens Sudan\u2019s suffering"},"content":{"rendered":"\n

The armed conflict between the Sudan Armed Forces (SAF) and the paramilitary Rapid Support Forces (RSF), that broke out on April 15 over power and wealth disputes between the commanders in the run-up to a merger, intensifies in the Sudanese capital and in Darfur. The RSF wrests control of South and Central Darfur in October, and of West and East Darfur a month later. In December, the RSF invades El Gezira\u2019s capital Wad Madani, triggering fears of RSF raids into northern and eastern Sudan.<\/strong> The overall situation in the country deteriorates further<\/strong>. <\/strong>According to the UN humanitarian coordinator in Sudan, the people are \u2018balancing on a knife\u2019s edge<\/strong>‘.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\n\n\n\n

October<\/strong>: SAF-RSF fighting continues unabated in Khartoum. Clashes are also reported from places west of the capital. After army troops withdraw from Nyala and Zalingei, the RSF take control of South and Central Darfur, triggering fears that the militia will seize all five states in the western region. Reports about sexual violence in areas controlled by the RSF continue. About 19 million children are out of school.<\/em> Thousands of them may die by the end of this year due to the scarcity of food and health services. Cholera and dengue fever spread rapidly in the country.<\/em> The Sudanese Pound continues to fall. A new round of SAF-RSF negotiations begins in the Saudi city of Jeddah. Pro-democratic Sudanese groups form the Civil Front to Stop the War, with former PM Abdallah Hamdok elected as chair.<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

October 1: El Burhan tours northern Sudan, says that the RSF was involved<\/a> in the 2019 June 3 sit-in massacre. The World Health Organisation (WHO) scales up aid after a cholera outbreak<\/a> has been declared in the country. Young revolutionaries join army ranks<\/a> in Khartoum to \u2018expel the RSF from the city\u2019. Heavy SAF-RSF clashes break out near Um Rawaba in North Kordofan.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

October 2: Sudan\u2019s Emergency Lawyers strongly condemn the blocking of food transport<\/a> in Khartoum state. The UN Human Rights Council<\/a> (OHCHR) discusses the formation of an investigative mission on Sudan. The Sudanese Pound declines<\/a> further as Dollar exchange rates rise again. Former Sovereignty Council member Siddig Tawir frames the RSF attack on Um Rawaba<\/a> as an attempt to expand the war.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

October 3: The UN World Food Programme (WFP) warns of a \u201clooming hunger crisis<\/a>\u201c near the Sudan-South Sudan border.<\/p>\n\n\n

\n
\"\"
Darfuri refugees gather in preparation for being transported to the Gaga camp in eastern Chad (Insa Wawa Diatta \/ UNHCR)<\/em><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n\n

October 4: At least 20 are killed in ongoing battles for Khartoum<\/a>. Sudan\u2019s Foreign Affairs Ministry rejects the \u201cbiased\u201d UN proposal<\/a> on an investigative human rights mission. The Strategic Initiative for Women in the Horn of Africa (SIHA Network) condemns the \u201crampant sexual violence<\/a>\u201c in Khartoum.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

October 5: The UN humanitarian coordinator in Sudan says that the people in the country are \u2018balancing on a knife\u2019s edge<\/a>\u2018.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

October 7: The UN Office for the Coordination of Humanitarian Aid (OCHA) in Sudan reports that 5.5 million people are now displaced<\/a> by the war.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

October 8: RSF resumes its attacks on the SAF Command<\/a> in central Khartoum. The North Kordofan capital El Obeid witnesses renewed SAF-RSF fighting<\/a>. Darfur relief convoys<\/a> brave perils. The declining Sudanese Pound<\/a> \u2018may go the way of the Lebanese Pound\u2019. Aid organisations require US$2.6 billion<\/a> to assist people in Sudan until the end of the year. The Sudanese Journalists Network calls for a broad media campaign<\/a> against repeated human rights violations against reporters.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

October 9: UNICEF reports that an estimated 19 million children are out of school<\/a> in Sudan. Clashes between the SAF and the Sudan People\u2019s Liberation Movement North led by Abdelaziz El Hilu (SPLM-N El Hilu) erupt in Delling<\/a>, South Kordofan. Sudan and Iran<\/a> announce renew diplomatic relations, after a hiatus of seven years.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

October 10: Several people are killed<\/a> in continued fierce fighting in Khartoum. El Obeid<\/a> is in \u2018a state of paralysis\u2019 after two days of fierce SAF-RSF fighting. More than 10,000 Darfuri families who fled to eastern Chad are in urgent need of aid<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

October 11: The OHCHR decides to form a fact-finding committee<\/a> on crimes committed by the warring parties since April 15. Sudan\u2019s education sector is divided over the decision to resume studies<\/a> this month. Journalists call for an investigation into the killing of reporter Halima Idris<\/a>. Eastern Sudanese community leaders agree to fight hate speech<\/a> in the region.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

October 12: According to M\u00e9decins Sans Fronti\u00e8res (MSF), the \u2018Sudan crisis is a catastrophic failure of humanity<\/a>\u2018.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

October 13: The Hasaheisa camp for displaced people<\/a> in Central Darfur is encircled by SAF-RSF fighting for two weeks.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

October 15: The El Geneina Teaching Hospital in West Darfur resumes its services<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

October 16: The war enters its seventh month<\/a> as violent SAF-RSF clashes continue in greater Khartoum. The area of the International Criminal Court\u2019s (ICC) jurisdiction \u2018may expand soon<\/a> to include all parts of Sudan\u2019. The National Mechanism to Stop the War<\/a> is waiting for an RSF response to its initiative to reach peace in the country. Universities in \u2018safe and stable states\u2019 agree to resumes studies<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

October 17: SAF-RSF clashes<\/a> involving heavy weapons continue across large parts of greater Khartoum. The African Union\u2019s (AU) Peace and Security calls for an \u2018African solution<\/a> to the Sudanese crisis\u2019. The US Office of Foreign Assets Control imposes new sanctions<\/a> on Hamas financial facilitators in Gaza, Sudan<\/a>, T\u00fcrkiye, Algeria, and Qatar. The Sudanese Pound<\/a> hits a new all-time low.<\/p>\n\n\n

\n
\"\"
Sudanese Air Force Hongdu JL-8 E jets (File photo: Eduard Onyshchenko GNU FDU)<\/em><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n\n

October 18: Continued artillery shelling<\/a> hits several civilians in Karari in northern Omdurman. An UN expert denounces child recruitment<\/a> by armed groups in the country. The trial of janjaweed leader Ali Kushayb<\/a> resumes at the ICC in The Hague.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

October 19: The RSF is \u2018preventing food and water from entering\u2019 the El Hasaheisa camp <\/a>in Central Darfur. UNICEF and WHO warn that more than 10,000 children in Sudan will die<\/a> by the end of this year. MSF suspends surgical operations<\/a> at the Bashair Hospital in southern Khartoum.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

October 21: The Alban El Jadeed Hospital in Khartoum North temporarily closes<\/a> after an attack by RSF troops on staff members.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

October 22: Shelling and air strikes persist<\/a> in Khartoum state. More people flee<\/a> the fighting in Zalingei, capital of Central Darfur. The risk of rape<\/a> confines Darfuri refugees in eastern Chad to camps. The French Court of Asylum states that \u2018Darfur in grip of indiscriminate violence of exceptional intensity\u2019<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

October 23: Dengue fever and cholera<\/a> continue to spread across Sudan. Security, economic, and health conditions in Nyala are \u2018close to zero<\/a>\u2018.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

October 24: Fierce SAF-RSF battles continue in Nyala<\/a>, in Zalingei<\/a>, and in Khartoum<\/a>. The Central Bank of Sudan halves transfer limits<\/a> as the Sudanese Pound plummets further.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

October 26: The RSF take control of Nyala<\/a>. Battles continue<\/a> in Khartoum, North and Central Darfur, and South Kordofan. SAF and RSF delegations arrive in the Saudi city of Jeddah for the resumption of negotiations<\/a>. The member groups of the Civil Front to Stop the War in Sudan<\/a>, including the mainstream Forces for Freedom and Change (FFC-Central Council) coalition, plan a founding conference in Addis Ababa. Former PM Abdallah Hamdok<\/a> is elected as chairperson of the front. Cholera and dengue fever<\/a> are spreading rapidly in the country. Farmers in El Gezira report a significant decline in the production of sorghum<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

October 27: RSF\u2019s deputy commander calls on Nyala residents<\/a> who fled the fighting to \u2018return home\u2019.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

October 29: SAF-RSF negotiations<\/a> start in Jeddah. Battles in southern Khartoum continue<\/a>, Nyala faces a continued exodus, and Lagawa, in West Kordofan, is attacked by the SPLM-N El Hilu. Sudan groups launch the Where Did You Take Them?<\/a>-campaign against forced disappearances.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

October 30: The RSF attacks the oilfield and airport<\/a> of Balila in West Kordofan and announces its withdrawal<\/a> hours later. More than three million children have forcibly been displaced<\/a> in the country. OCHA laments that the provision of aid in the country is riddled<\/a> with bureaucratic obstacles and insecurity. The International Committee of the Red Cross (ICRC) facilitates the release of 64 army soldiers<\/a> held by RSF in Khartoum.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

October 31: The RSF seize control of Zalingei<\/a>, capital of Central Darfur. People in Darfur fear that the entire western region will come under the control of the RSF<\/a> following their capture of Nyala and Zalingei within one week. El Burhan rallies troops<\/a> in Khartoum and Omdurman, amid continued fighting. A high-level Sudan delegation visits Beijing<\/a> to strengthen \u2018historical relations\u2019.<\/p>\n\n\n

\n
\"\"
Commander-in-chief of the Sudan Armed Forces (SAF), Lt Gen Abdelfattah El Burhan (File photo: SUNA)<\/em><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n

November<\/strong>: The SAF and RSF delegations in Jeddah agree to facilitate the delivery of aid, not on a ceasefire. The acting government in Port Sudan unilaterally terminates the UN Integrated Transition Assistance Mission in Sudan (UNITAMS). The RSF seizes El Geneina and Ed Daein, capitals of West and East Darfur. The UN secretary-general blames \u2018El Burhan-Hemedti power struggle\u2018 for the current catastrophe. \u2018What is happening in Sudan is verging on pure evil,\u2019 the UN humanitarian coordinator in Sudan states. The SAF deputy commander accuses \u2018mafia state\u2019 Emirates of supplying the RSF with arms. The newly founded Democratic Civil Forces alliance (Tagaddum), chaired by Hamdok, approves a draft roadmap \u2018to end the war and enable a democratic civil transition\u2019.<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

November 1: Shelling rocks El Fasher<\/a>, capital of North Darfur. A military expert says that advances in Darfur \u2018will boost RSF\u2019s leverage<\/a>\u2018 in the current Jeddah negotiations. According to FFC-CC leaders, the success of the Jeddah talks \u2018depends on army\u2019s purge<\/a> of Al Bashir supporters\u2019.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

November 2: OCHA reports that \u2018Sudan is experiencing a humanitarian crisis of epic proportions<\/a>\u2018. USA and UN are \u2018deeply troubled<\/a>\u2018 by battles for North and West Darfur capitals. Fighting<\/a> continues in Khartoum, resumes in El Obeid. Darfur refugees in eastern Chad demand protection against gunmen.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

November 3: El Burhan, in his function of head of the Sovereignty Council, \u2018unconstitutionally\u2019 sacks rebel member<\/a> El Hadi Idris and Animal Resources Minister Hafez Abdelnabi. The UN condemns sexual violence and abductions<\/a> in Sudan.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

November 4: RSF takes control of El Geneina<\/a>, capital of West Darfur. Khartoum state witnesses fierce fighting<\/a> again, airstrikes are reported from West Kordofan.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

November 5: The RSF attacks two oilfields<\/a> in East Darfur.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

November 6: The Sudanese government delegation is visiting China where it proposes increased oil investments<\/a>. The Famine Early Warning Systems Network (FEWS NET) reports that food security in Sudan<\/a> is rapidly deteriorating.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

November 7: The warring parties agree in Jeddah<\/a> to facilitate aid delivery, not on a ceasefire. In Sudan, they exchange accusations over a large blast at the El Jeili oil refinery<\/a>. The RSF seize the Um Keddada garrison in North Darfur, commit mass atrocities in West Darfur<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

November 8: SAF-RSF clashes in El Sawra and Ombadda in Omdurman result in multiple casualties<\/a>. The UN Organisation for Migration (IOM) says that aid is reaching Sudan\u2019s displaced<\/a> but \u2018much more needs to be done\u2019.<\/p>\n\n\n

\n
\"Homes
Homes and shops in Burri in Khartoum destroyed by bombing, October 6 (Photo: Saeed Abdelmajeed)<\/em><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n\n

November 9: More people are killed in ongoing fierce fighting<\/a> in Khartoum state. The international community reacts with revulsion at reports of mass atrocities<\/a> allegedly committed by the RSF in El Geneina. The \u2018fall\u2019 of army garrisons in Darfur and Kordofan to the RSF is allegedly due to the absence of army control.<\/a> The new Joint National Committee for Humanitarian Emergencies in Port Sudan discusses speeding up<\/a> permits and logistical procedures for aid organisations. Teachers in \u2018safe areas\u2019 refuse to start the new school year, to avoid \u2018educational fragmentation<\/a> of the country\u2019.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

November 10: \u2018What is happening in Sudan is verging on pure evil<\/a>,\u2019 Clementine Nkweta-Salami, UN humanitarian coordinator in Sudan tells the UN. The Shambat Bridge<\/a> between Omdurman and Khartoum North collapses after a massive explosion. Clingendael reports that \u2018security-business networks are holding<\/a> Sudan\u2019s private sector and democratic transition hostage\u2019.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

November 12: Analysts warn that fighting over \u2018North Darfur<\/a> SAF-holdout\u2019 El Fasher is likely to intensify.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

November 13: Battles continue in Jebel Aulia<\/a> in southwest Khartoum, in Omdurman and in El Obeid. More bridges in Khartoum state<\/a> may be targeted by the warring parties. SAF and RSF commitments<\/a> made in Jeddah are questioned. The European Union states that \u2018We cannot turn a blind eye<\/a>\u2018 to the atrocities in Darfur.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

November 14: The battle for Jebel Aulia<\/a> still rages. The UN special advisor on genocide says that the \u2018Darfur attacks may constitute<\/a> genocide, crimes against humanity, and war crimes\u2019.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

November 15: SAF-RSF battles over Jebel Aulia<\/a> intensify. Civil society groups urge decisive action from international stakeholders<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n

\n
\"\"
A tank at the base of the 20th Infantry Division in Ed Daein, capital of East Darfur, November 21 (Video screenshot: RSF)<\/em><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n\n

November 16: El Burhan visits Addis Ababa<\/a>, while the FFC-CC convenes in Cairo. The Darfur rebel movements that signed the Juba Peace Agreement with the Sudanese government in 2020, renounce their neutrality<\/a> in the war. The UN is verifying reports<\/a> of interethnic violence in El Geneina. The UN Security Council reviews the latest report<\/a> of UNITAMS.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

November 17: The Sudanese government terminates the mandate of UNITAMS<\/a> \u2018with immediate effect\u2019. El Burhan sacks El Taher Hajar<\/a>, another rebel member of the Sovereignty Council.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

November 19: More than 30 people are killed in an Abyei \u2018land dispute\u2019<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

November 20: RSF claim victory<\/a> in Jebel Aulia and seize the Ed Daein airport in East Darfur. Eritrea and Ethiopia suspend<\/a> entry to Sudanese due to reported overcrowding. An FFC-CC delegation arrives in Juba<\/a> to meet President Kiir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

November 21: The East Darfur SAF base<\/a> \u2018falls to the RSF\u2019. Fears grow of a \u2018catastrophic bloodbath<\/a>\u2018 should RSF advance on El Fasher. The number of displaced by the war<\/a> reaches 6.5 million. Darfuri refugees in Chad plead for UNHCR registration. Sudan activists condemn RSF detention of journalists<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

November 22: People in Sudan are \u2018enduring unspeakable horrors<\/a>\u2018 amidst ethnically motivated violence in Darfur, Amnesty International reports. The violence against women<\/a> in Sudan directly stems \u2018from impunity and the neglect of accountability by international actors\u2019. RSF Deputy Commander Abdelrahim Dagalo arrives in<\/a> the capital of East Darfur. South Sudan\u2019s Kiir endorses a joint committee<\/a> with the FFC-CC.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

November 23: Fierce fighting still rages<\/a> in Khartoum state. SAF-RSF tensions simmer<\/a> in West Kordofan.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

November 24: Darfur Bar Association is taking RSF threats against its members<\/a> \u2018very seriously\u2019.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

November 25: The Intergovernmental Authority on Development (IGAD) plans an emergency summit<\/a> in Djibouti to discuss the Sudan war. Concerns mount over  assaults on civilians<\/a> in Darfur by RSF and SAF soldiers. Whilst the world marks the International Day for the Elimination of Violence Against Women, Radio Dabanga continues to receive horrific testimonies of violence<\/a> against Sudanese women and girls.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

November 26: SAF Deputy Commander Yasir El Atta reaches Port Sudan<\/a>. El Fasher, the last major Darfur city<\/a> under control of the SAF, is bracing to resist an RSF attack. Human Rights Watch (HRW) urges the UNSC to strengthen UN\u2019s presence<\/a> in Sudan. The death toll of the cholera and dengue outbreak<\/a> rises.<\/p>\n\n\n

\n
\"\"
The deputy commander-in-chief of the Sudan Armed Forces (SAF), Lt Gen Yasir El Atta (File photo: SUNA)<\/em><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n\n

November 27: Chair of the Civil Front to Stop the War Abdallah Hamdok stresses that there is \u201cno legitimate government\u201d in Sudan<\/a> that can terminate UNITAMS. Egypt \u2018should ease visa procedures<\/a> for Sudanese drivers and patients\u2019.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

November 28: SAF Deputy Commander El Atta accuses \u2018mafia state\u2019 Emirates<\/a> of supplying the RSF with arms. \u2018RSF atrocities in Sudan and Darfur signify political defeat<\/a>,\u2019 says Suliman Baldo. Darfur Wali Minni Minawi calls for urgent negotiations in Sudan<\/a>. Merchants complain that the Central Bank of Sudan policies<\/a> \u2018restrict commercial activity\u2019.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

November 29: The UN secretary-general blames \u2018El Burhan-Hemedti power struggle<\/a>\u2018 for the current catastrophe. The newly founded Democratic Civil Forces alliance (Tagaddum<\/em>)<\/a>, chaired by Hamdok, approves a draft roadmap to end the war and enable a democratic civil transition.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

November 30: Air strikes on Babanousa in West Kordofan violate a tripartite agreement<\/a> signed between the SAF, RSF, and native administration leaders.<\/p>\n\n\n

\n
\"\"
Craters from shelling in Babanousa, West Kordofan (File photo: RD correspondent)<\/em><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n

December<\/strong>: The RSF takes control of El Gezira\u2019s capital Wad Madani, triggering fears of RSF raiding northern and eastern Sudan. The air force intensifies attacks on Khartoum.<\/em> Hate speech, detentions, and also army mobilisation are openly based on ethnical motives. Hunger levels are the \u2018highest ever recorded\u2019 in Sudan.<\/em> US Secretary of State Anthony Blinken accuses both warring parties of \u2018horrific\u2019 war crimes. HRW says that his statement needs to be followed by \u2018robust action\u2019.<\/em> During the IGAD summit on Sudan, El Burhan agrees to meet with Hemedti, but this is denied by the FA Ministry. He reportedly changed his position again later this month. The newly formed <\/em>Tagaddum alliance, headed by Hamdok<\/em>, requests meetings with El Burhan and with Hemedti.<\/em> Hemedti visits a number of African countries.<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

December 1: The UNSC ends the mandate of UNITAMS<\/a>. Abdallah Hamdok meets with Chad President<\/a> Idris Deby in the UAE.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

December 3: The SAF-RSF talks in Jeddah are suspended<\/a> again.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

December 4: The international Expanded Mechanism for Sudan urges for an \u2018inclusive political dialogue\u2019<\/a> in the country after the failure of the latest Jeddah round<\/a>. Battles continue<\/a> in greater Khartoum. The RSF says that El Burhan\u2019s latest speeches show that the SAF command is deeply troubled<\/a>. The RSF ae still besieging El Obeid<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

December 5: The RSF attacks an SPLM-N base<\/a> in South Kordofan. Tensions rise<\/a> between the Emirates and Sudan over armament accusations.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

December 6: US Secretary of State Anthony Blinken accuses both SAF and RSF<\/a> of \u2018horrific\u2019 war crimes. The RSF seize Sudan telecoms<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

December 7: More than 100 people are killed<\/a> in airstrikes in Khartoum state. People living in Delling, South Kordofan, fear an expansion of the SPLM-RSF fighting<\/a> in the area. Soaring prices \u2018will lead to a famine\u2019 in Darfur<\/a>. The Sudanese Foreign Ministry rejects Blinken\u2019s \u2018equating<\/a> between the army and the RSF\u2019.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

December 8: Hamdok meets with South Sudanese President<\/a> Salva Kiir in the UAE.<\/p>\n\n\n

\n
\"\"
Abdallah Hamdok was elected as chair of the the Civil Front to Stop the War, later renamed Tagaddum, Addis Ababa, October 26 (Photo: CFSW)<\/em><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n\n

December 9: During the special IGAD summit in Djibouti on Sudan, El Burhan agrees on a bilateral meeting<\/a> with the RSF commander. Hemedti, who is not present, also agrees on the meeting.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

December 10: OCHA reports an \u2018alarming number of malnutrition cases<\/a>\u2018 in Sudan. The FA Ministry denies that El Burhan agreed<\/a> to meet with Hemedti. Two die in an army attack on a Red Cross convoy<\/a> in Khartoum. Sudan declares 15 Emirati diplomats persona non grata<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

December 11: Washington warns against a division of Sudan<\/a>. Dozens are killed in fighting in Omdurman<\/a>. HRW says that the US condemnation of the atrocities in Sudan<\/a> needs to be followed by \u2018robust action\u2019.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

December 12: The WHO reports that hunger levels are the \u2018highest ever recorded\u2019<\/a> in Sudan. SAF accusations of collaboration with the RSF now also rattle Sudan\u2019s relations with Chad<\/a>. The RSF plans to establish a \u2018federal police force\u2019<\/a> in the country\u2019.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

December 13: The Sudanese Pound rate<\/a> reaches unprecedented lows. People in South Kordofan are facing deepening humanitarian woes<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

December 14: Fierce SAF-RSF fighting is reported near Wad Madani<\/a>, capital of El Gezira. Six die in airstrikes on Nyala<\/a>. Fighting renews in Khartoum North, the RSF attacks activists<\/a> in Omdurman. The US Department of State\u2019s Africa Media Hub discusses<\/a> the \u2018horrific violence\u2019 in Sudan. Emergency Lawyers reports more than 50 new rape<\/a> cases in South Darfur.<\/p>\n\n\n

\n
\"\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0637\u0646\u0648\u0646
People fleeing Wad Madani on foot, December 16 (Photo: Social media)<\/em><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n\n

December 15: The authorities in El Gezira issue a curfew<\/a> following RSF attacks on areas near the state capital Wad Madani.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

December 16: SAF-RSF clashes break out in North Darfur\u2019s capital<\/a> and the adjacent Abu Shouk camp. Chad expels<\/a> four Sudanese diplomats.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

December 17: Hundreds of youths from Darfur and Kordofan are held in El Gezira<\/a> on suspicion of supporting the RSF. A humanitarian crisis unfolds in El Gezira<\/a> amid a mass exodus from the capital.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

December 18: The RSF takes control of Wad Madani<\/a>. The ongoing airstrikes on Nyala, are becoming a \u201chaunting concern<\/a>\u201c for its residents. Negotiations over the Renaissance Dam in Ethiopia<\/a> resume in Addis Ababa.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

December 19: Numerous Sudanese criticise the army<\/a> for letting the RSF take control of El Gezira in central Sudan The US Congress calls on the Emirates<\/a> to \u2018stop interfering in Sudan\u2019. Civil society organisations condemn the surge in \u2018ethnic hatred\u2019<\/a> in the country. Sudanese have little to celebrate the fifth anniversary of the start of the 2018 December Revolution<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

December 21: Diplomatic sources say that El Burhan has changed<\/a> his position again and will meet with Hemedti. UNICEF warns that the violence in El Gezira endangers three million children<\/a>. RSF units enter White Nile state and Sennar<\/a>, causing people in neighbouring El Gedaref to panic.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

December 22: A delegation of the Democratic Civil Forces alliance (Tagaddum<\/em>)<\/a>, chaired by Abdallah Hamdok, concludes its meetings with President Ruto in Nairobi.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

December 23: Dozens are killed in RSF fighting with the Sudan Liberation Movement<\/a>, led by Abdelwahid El Nur (SLM-AW) in Central Darfur. People begin to flee White Nile state<\/a> after rumours about the RSF planning to invade the area. Military Intelligence detains volunteers<\/a> helping displaced people in Sennar capital.<\/p>\n\n\n

\n
\"\"
RSF Commander Mohamed Hamdan ‘Hemedti’ Dagalo received by Ethiopian PM Abiy Ahmed in Addis Ababa, December 28 (Photo: RSF)<\/em><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n\n

December 25: River Nile state authorities set up an ethnically-based mobilisation campaign<\/a> to counter a possible RSF invasion. The RSF says that \u2018We\u2019ll hand areas under our control to the people, not the army<\/a>\u2018.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

December 26: Hamdok requests meetings<\/a> with El Burhan and with Hemedti. According to the Centre for International Private Enterprise (CIPE), Sudan so far lost $15 billion to the war<\/a>. The Sons of Wad Madani agree with the RSF<\/a> to reopen health facilities in El Gezira.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

December 27: Hemedti starts his Africa tour<\/a> and meets with Ugandan President Yoweri Museveni. Babanousa in West Kordofan fears a new RSF offensive<\/a>. RSF and the army clash near the Sennar Sugar Factory, Military Intelligence detains activists in Sennar and Singa<\/a>. New clashes take place<\/a> near the Engineers Corps in Omdurman.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

December 28: Hemedti meets Ethiopian PM Abiy<\/a> in Addis Ababa. Conditions deteriorate for Darfuri refugees<\/a> in Chad. A former health minister calls for urgent intervention to provide \u2018minimum health services in Sudan<\/a>\u2018.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

December 30: Human rights groups consider the detentions of activists in Sudan \u2018an attempt by remnants of the Al Bashir regime to regain power<\/a>\u2018. The Justice and Equality Movement (JEM) calls on the UNSC to impose a non-fly zone over Sudan<\/a>. The FFC-CC urges the SAF and RSF to respond to negotiation calls<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

December 31: Hemedti visits<\/a> the president of Djibouti. El Burhan lashes out at the African countries<\/a> that recently received Hemedti, saying that they \u2018are partnering in RSF crimes\u2019. Hemedti calls on the Sudanese \u2018to engage in dialogue to end the war<\/a>\u2018. The Darfur Bar Association urges UN action against<\/a> the \u2018war crimes\u2019 committed in the country.<\/p>\n\n\n

\n
\"\"
RSF spreading along El Gezira (Map: Sudan War Monitor, December 22)<\/em><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n

Previous timelines<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Sudan timeline July-September 2023: Sudanese \u2018in survival mode\u2019<\/a><\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Sudan timeline April-June 2023: Tensions between Sudanese army and the paramilitary RSF erupt into full-scale armed conflict<\/a><\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Sudan timeline January-March 2023: Economy \u2018grim\u2019 amid fractious talks on transition to civilian rule and security sector reform<\/a><\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Sudan timeline October\u2013December 2022: Anti-junta protests swell amid regime crackdown, tribal strife displaces thousands as economy bleeds<\/a><\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Sudan timeline July- September 2022: Junta continues to repress resistance as Pound founders and hunger grows<\/a><\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Sudan timeline April\u2013June 2022: Popular resistance to junta escalates, banditry and intercommunal strife in Darfur and across Sudan as 15 million face hunger<\/a><\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Sudan timeline January\u2013March 2022: Political turmoil, lawlessness as attempts to revive democratic transition collapse<\/a><\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Sudan timeline October-December 2021: Democratic transition under siege, foreign finance cut as military sizes power<\/a><\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Sudan timeline July-September 2021: Political discord escalates, poverty grows, as thousands are displaced by floods, violence<\/a><\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Sudan timeline April-June 2021: Waves of violence continue, international debt relief brings hope for economic upturn<\/a><\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Sudan timeline January-March 2021: Holdout rebels in from the cold, Sudanese pound devalued, COVID-19 vaccine roll-out begins<\/a><\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Sudan timeline October-December 2020: Peace accord signed, COVID second wave bites, security fears as UNAMID withdraws<\/a><\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Sudan timeline July-September 2020: Public anger at slow implementation of revolution, floods devastate communities countrywide<\/a><\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Sudan timeline April-June 2020: Covid-19 marks all aspects of life, inflation soars<\/a><\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Sudan timeline January-March 2020: Little relief to the country\u2019s economic, security woes<\/a><\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Sudan timeline October-December 2019: Interim government put to the test<\/a><\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Sudan timeline July-September 2019: Turbulent transformation from tyranny<\/a><\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Sudan timeline December 2018-April 2019: How did civil discontent propel Sudan towards the overthrow of Al Bashir?<\/a><\/em><\/p>\n